1. Biography
Abu Bakr's real name before converting to Islam was Abdul Kaaba. He was among the first to embrace Islam. Therefore, after embracing Islam he was given the title by the Prophet with the title of Abu Bakr. So the name Abu Bakr is the name of the title given by the Prophet Muhammad. In addition to being given the title of Abu Bakr, he was also given a title by the Prophet with the title As-Siddiq which means "very justified". The title As-Siddiq was given to him because he was the fastest person in believing and confirming some of the events experienced by the Prophet, especially the "Isra Mi'raj" incident which many people doubted.
Actually the full name of Abu Bakr as-Siddiq is Abdullah bin Kuhafah At-Tamimi. He was born in 572 AD two years after the birth of the Prophet Muhammad. He belongs to the lineage of the Quraysh tribe. Abu Bakr's father named Usman bin Sa'ad (also called Abi Khufaha). While his mother named Umm Khair Salma bint Sakhar came from the descendants of the Quraysh tribe.
When viewed from the lineage of origin of the lineage of his father and mother who met his grandmother named Ka'ab bin Sa'ad bin taim bin Mura, Abu Bakr was a descendant of Bani ta'im, a tribe that gave birth to many honorable figures. Meanwhile, with the lineage of the Prophet Muhammad, met Mura bin Ka'ab.
Since childhood, Abu Bakr was known as a good, honest and gentle child. With his noble nature, Abu Bakr was liked by many people or society at that time. Abu Bakr and Prophet Muhammad were friends since they were teenagers. As an adult, Abu Bakr chose his way of life to become a merchant or a merchant. As a merchant, he was very successful and rich. He is known for his honesty, discipline and generosity. Therefore, after he embraced Islam, he gave up almost all of his wealth to help the Prophet in broadcasting Islam.
In addition, Abu Bakr is famous as an expert in the science of nasab (the science of genealogy). He is very understanding and well mastered various lineage tribes and Arab tribes. As a well-known expert in lineage science, Abu Bakr knew the highs and lows of each Arab nation, especially the Arab tribes of Quraish.
With his noble nature and high level of intelligence, it was not difficult for Abu Bakr to believe and understand the teachings conveyed by the prophet Muhammad SAW. Since the prophet was appointed to be the Apostle of Allah, moreover, he was well acquainted with the nature, majesty and glory of the Prophet Muhammad since they were teenagers. Therefore, after converting to Islam, he was known as the closest friend of the Prophet to the Prophet.
Abu Bakr became the most trusted friend of the Prophet Muhammad. In addition, Abu Bakr was the friend who was most persistent in helping the struggle of the Prophet. In fact, Abu Bakr can be said to be the friend who sacrificed the most, the most steadfast, and the most obedient among the other companions. He was never absent from accompanying and accompanying the Messenger of Allah in various wars. even in the face of the tabuk war and when the Prophet Muhammad migrated from Mecca to Medina, not only his soul and body, all his wealth he donated to help the struggle of the Prophet.
Seeing the great service of Abu Bakr in helping the struggle of the Prophet Muhammad in developing the Islamic religion, it is very natural that after the Prophet died, in 632 AD, he was chosen and trusted by Muslims to be the successor of the Prophet Muhammad as the first Caliph or Khulafaur Rashidun.
Personality of Abu Bakr Ash – Siddiq
Before converting to Islam, Abu Bakr had a clean personality. although he was born into a noble family who at that time was very fond of partying, gambling, drinking, and committing adultery. Abu Bakr never imitated the bad habits of the Arabs in general at that time. Abu Bakr is a person who always longs for the truth.
He always hung out with people who were experts in the holy book, such as Waraqah bin Naufal, Qus bin Sa'idah, and Zaid bin Naufal. Therefore, although the religion of Islam had not yet been born at that time, Abu Bakr did not worship idols as did the Arabs in general at that time.
As a descendant of nobility, Abu Bakr was famous as a sociable, friendly, and likes to help people. Abu Bakr's house was always visited by people, not only because he was a merchant and his expertise in the science of lineage, but because of his friendliness and courtesy and his helpful nature.
Apart from being a noble, Abu Bakr was a successful merchant. In a history, it is explained that before converting to Islam, from the results of his trade he had a wealth of 40,000 dirhams. Today, Abu Bakar is a successful conglomerate. His success in trading is due to him being known as an honest and disciplined person. Many of his trading partners really believed in Abu Bakr, so they were not afraid to cooperate with Abu Bakr in trading.
As a person with a disciplined personality, Abu Bakr was able to distinguish between commercial matters and his personal affairs. Therefore, although he is known as a successful and rich merchant, he is also known to be generous and likes to help people in need.
Another personality trait that made Abu Bakr liked by people, especially his trading partners, was because he was known as a person who always kept his promises. Abu Bakr is classified as the type of person who is afraid to disappoint others. However, when he was let down by others, Abu Bakr was very forgiving and patient.
After Abu Bakr converted to Islam, and participated in the struggle with the Prophet Muhammad SAW, in broadcasting the religion of Islam, his noble character and personality did not subside or decrease, but increased. Abu Bakr was able to quickly accept the teachings of Islam, because he had clean and smart personality. even he never hesitated in believing what the prophet taught. As the Prophet Muhammad said as follows:
"Everyone who I invited to Islam did not express any doubts and thought first, except for Abu Bakr, he continued to accept without hesitation and did not wait."
Abu Bakr's belief in the prophet Muhammad, so that what the prophet taught him was an essential truth. Abu Bakr appeared in the nature of a very high self-sacrifice for the sake of the Islamic religion. He gave up almost all of his wealth and sacrificed it to help the prophet's struggle in broadcasting Islam. Not only on his property, even his soul and body he was willing to help the prophet's struggle. Therefore, Abu Bakr was never absent in various wars, accompanying, helping and protecting the Messenger of Allah.
Abu Bakr's self-sacrificing nature and generosity made him not hesitate to spend his wealth to free the suffering slaves. The slaves he managed to free include: Bilal bin Rabbah, Abu Fukaifah, Amir bin Fahairah, Labibah and others. As an aristocrat, he was very concerned about the weak and oppressed.
While helping the struggle of the Prophet, Abu Bakr was known to be very brave. His nature not only thrilled and discouraged the disbelievers, but was also greatly admired by the other companions of the prophet. Even the friend of Ali bin Abi Talib said: "The bravest person among us is Abu Bakr. When on the day of Badr after we built a hut for the Prophet, we asked who would guard the Prophet in this hut? At that time no one wanted to answer. besides Abu Bakr, every enemy who tried to approach the Prophet's place, Abu Bakr who hit the man with his sword. Besides that, Abu Bakr gave a lot of help to the companions of the Prophet and his slaves who were persecuted by the Quraysh.
Abu Bakar people who are always populist and simple. Before he was appointed caliph after the prophet died, Abu Bakr was used to milking the goats belonging to the villagers. Sustu when Abu Bakr knocked on the house of a resident who he often visited to milk his goat. The owner's son shouted; "Mother..., here comes the goat milkman!" His mother came out to find out who had come to her house. Upon learning that it was Caliph Abu Bakr, the mother was angry with her son and explained that it was their caliph who had come. "It's okay, I like the title of the milkman," said Caliph Abu Bakr to the mother with a smile.
As a leader, Abu Bakr was always firm and mentally steeled. Although Abu Bakr only served two years as caliph, he was able to resolve and suppress various things that happened after the death of the Prophet. Even Caliph Abu Bakr Siddiq was able to expand the territory of Islamic rule outside the Arabian Peninsula, namely Iraq and Syria.
During his tenure as Caliph, Abu Bakr always imitated the behavior of the Prophet Muhammad. The principle of deliberation in making a decision, as practiced by the Prophet Muhammad, has always been practiced. as Caliph, he was very concerned about his people and did not hesitate to go directly to help his people who were in trouble. To improve public welfare, he formed the Bait al-mal institution, or a kind of state financial institution.
Abu Bakr was a selfless person. In ending his position as caliph, Abu Bakr determined his successor to be discussed and chosen not from his children or relatives, but people who were considered capable of carrying out the mandate as caliph. Able to continue the struggle of the prophet Muhammad saw. in upholding Islam as a religion that is a blessing for all humans and nature and its contents.
Abu Bakr died on August 23, 634 in Medina due to illness he suffered at the age of 61 years. Abu Bakr was buried in the house of his daughter Aisha near the Prophet's Mosque, next to the tomb of the Prophet Muhammad
2. Convert to Islam
When Muhammad married Khadijah bint Khuwailid, he moved and lived next door to Abu Bakr. Since then they have known each other. They were both the same age and both a merchant and a trade expert.
In the book Hayatussahabah, the chapter of Muhammad's Da'wah to individuals, it is written that Abu Bakr embraced Islam at the invitation of the prophet. And after that he continued his Islamic da'wah to Uthman bin Affan, Talhah bin Ubaidillah, Zubair bin Awwam, Sa'ad bin Abi Waqas and several other important figures in Islam.
But his wife Qutaylah bint Abdul Uzza and his son Abd Rahman bin Abu Bakr did not want to embrace Islam so Abu Bakr divorced him and separated from his son. But his other wife, Umm Ruman, became a Muslim.
When the Prophet Muhammad migrated to Medina (622 AD), Abu Bakr was the only person who accompanied him. After a while of Hijra, Prophet Muhammad SAW married Abu Bakr's son, so that his family ties were getting closer.
3. Become the first Khalifah
During the time of the Prophet's illness near his death, it was said that Abu Bakr was appointed to be the imam of the prayers in his stead, many taking this as an indication that Abu Bakr would take his place. Even after the Prophet SAW had died, Abu Bakr Ash-Siddiq was considered the friend of the Prophet who was the most steadfast in facing the death of the Prophet SAW. After the death of the Prophet, consultations were held among the leaders of the Ansar and Muhajirin in Medina, which eventually resulted in the appointment of Abu Bakr as the new leader of the Muslims or the caliph of Islam in 632 AD.
However, the results of the deliberation became a source of debate and became the first source of division in Islam. At that time the Muslims were divided into Sunnis and Shiites. The Shia believe that Ali ibn Abi Talib (son-in-law of the prophet Muhammad) should be the leader and believe this is the decision of the Prophet himself, while the Sunnis argue that the Prophet refused to appoint a successor. The Sunnis argue that Muhammad prioritized deliberation for the appointment of a leader. Meanwhile, Shia Muslims believe that the Prophet in the smallest things such as before and after eating, drinking, sleeping, etc., never died his people without guidance and guidance, let alone the issue of leadership of the last ummah.
There are many hadiths that become references from both Sunnis and Shiites about who the caliph was after the death of the Prophet, as well as the number of Islamic leaders who were twelve. Despite the controversy and the truth of the opinions of each of these groups, Ali himself formally declared his allegiance (bay'at) to Abu Bakr and the two caliphs after him (Umar bin Khattab and Usman bin Affan). The Sunnis described this statement as enthusiastic and Ali became a staunch supporter of Abu Bakr and Umar. While the Shiites describe that Ali took the bai'at pro forma, considering that he took oath after the death of his wife Fatimah for months and after that he showed a protest by shutting himself off from public life.
4. Policy
As is well known, Abu Bakr As-Siddiq was appointed as the first caliph as the leader of Muslims after the noble Prophet died. In governing he was fair and made several breakthroughs. Here are some of Abu Bakr's policies after being appointed as caliph.
1) Fighting the Riddah
As the first caliph, Abu Bakr was faced with the state of the community after the death of Muhammad. He consulted with his friends to determine the actions to be taken in the face of the difficulties faced. Even though there were differences of opinion about the actions to be taken in the height of the difficulties, the greatness of his soul and the fortitude of his heart was evident. While taking a firm oath he declared that he would fight all groups that deviate from the truth, so that all of them returned to the right path or had to die as martyrs in defending themselves. God's religion. Abu Bakr's assertiveness was welcomed by all Muslims.
To fight this apostasy eleven armies were formed. Before the troops were sent to the area under review, a letter was first sent calling on them to return to the teachings of Islam, but received no response. Forced troops sent and brought brilliant results. The policy is carried out with the aim of creating community unity, law enforcement and justice. Another thing that Abu Bakr did was to appoint Ali as his deputy to take care of the affairs of the State secretariat in addition to Umar and Abu Ubadah ibn Jarrah. In matters of justice, he promised to protect the weak from the indiscriminate rape of the strong.
2) Government Bureaucracy Arrangement
In the matter of bureaucratic structuring, the caliphate Abu Bakr's government still continued the central government system, which was like the government that ran in the time of Rasulullah, namely the executive, legislative and judicial powers were centralized in one hand.
3) Bookkeeping of the Qur'an
The writing of the verses of the Qur'an has been started since the time of the Prophet, even since the early days of the revelation of the Qur'an which was revealed gradually over 23 years. Every time he received a revelation, the Messenger of Allah always read and taught it to his friends and ordered them to memorize it. The Apostle also ordered the friends who are good at writing to write them on the fronds of dates, stone plates and bone fragments. At the time of the Prophet, these writings had not been collected in one manuscript, but were still scattered.
After the Prophet died and Abu Bakr became caliph, the Yamamah war took place which claimed the victims of approximately 70 friends who memorized the Qur'an. The number of friends who died in the incident, there was concern among friends, especially Umar ibn Khatab, would cause the loss of the Qur'an. Umar advised Abu Baker to collect the scattered suras and verses into one mushaf. At first Abu Bakr objected because such things were not done by the apostle. Umar convinced Abu Bakr that it was solely to preserve the Qur'an, finally Abu Baker agreed. Zaid ibn Thabit accepted the task of leading the collection, by adhering to the writings stored in the house of the Messenger of Allah, the memorization of the companions and the texts written by the companions for himself. Zaid became one of the writers of the verses of the Qur'an With perseverance and patience Zaid managed to write a manuscript of the Qur'an on adim (tanned skin). became the caliph, the manuscripts were under his supervision.After Umar's death, the manuscripts were kept in the house of Hafsh bint Umar, the wife of the Prophet.
5. Conclusions/Lessons to follow
As a friend of the Prophet Abu Bakr certainly had a noble character and could be imitated by all of us. The qualities we should emulate from Abu Bakr include:
1) Compassionate, helpful and generous.
Abu Bakr was one of the rich and generous friends. Even since converting to Islam, he has invited the Prophet to use his property to preach for the glory of Islam. Abu Bakr was a loving figure. This is evidenced by the redemption of a slave who was tortured by his master for converting to Islam, he is Bilal bin Rabbah. Not only Bilal, there were many other Muslim slaves who were freed by Abu Bakr.
Compassion, helpfulness and generosity are morals that are highly recommended in Islam. One of the Asmaul Husna is ar rahman and ar womb, which means loving and merciful. In the Qur'an and hadith we are also encouraged to help each other. Allah commands us to help out in goodness and piety, but it is forbidden to help in sin and enmity. Donating some of our wealth to others in need will be able to reduce our sins, make our wealth clean and our sustenance will increase.
2) Humble
Abu Bakr's humble attitude was seen when he gave a speech at the beginning of his reign. Abu Bakr said to the Muslims, "Help me if I am on the right path, and guide me if I am on the wrong path. Obey me as long as I obey Allah and His Messenger, and if I disobey Allah and His Messenger then do not follow me."
The reason why the devil became the eternal enemy of humans and was sent down from heaven is because of the devil's arrogant nature. Allah loves those who are humble, on the other hand, Allah curses those who are arrogant. In the hadith it is explained that a proud person will not be able to smell the fragrance of heaven.
3) Calm spirit.
When the Prophet died, everyone was so sad because they felt the loss of a very loved one. Even Umar bin Khattab was very angry and drew his sword when someone gave the news that the Messenger of Allah had died. But not so with Abu Bakr, he showed his resignation, he accepted sincerely the death of the Messenger of Allah.
4) Likes to discuss
As a leader Abu Bakr was far from authoritarian. He always decides the problems faced by Muslims by way of deliberation. This can be seen when Abu Bakr fell ill and felt his end was near. He summoned Islamic leaders from various tribes to be consulted to determine who would replace the caliph after he died. Although in the end Abu Bakr appointed Umar bin Khattab himself as his successor, he still offered it to the other companions.
5) Faithful
When the Prophet passed away successively by the people he loved, Abu Bakr was a person who was good at entertaining the Prophet. Abu Bakr also always accompanied the Prophet's da'wah, both in happy and in danger. When the Prophet met resistance from the Quraysh infidels, Abu Bakr always defended the Prophet, even several times Abu Bakr managed to stop the actions of the Quraysh infidels who were going to kill the Prophet. Abu Bakr's loyalty to the Prophet was also proven when Abu Bakr accompanied the Prophet when he migrated to Medina. Even though the pursuit of the Quraysh infidels was a threatening danger at that time, Abu Bakr had proven his loyalty to accompany the Prophet to Medina.
Post a Comment for "Complete Biography of Abu Bakr Ash-Siddiq"